DNA encoding a prostaglandin F28 receptor, a host cell transformed therewith and an expression product thereof

ABSTRACT

Molecular cloning and expression of a prostaglandin F2α receptor which is linked to the signal transduction pathways via guanine nucleotide binding regulatory (G) proteins and measured by, for example, cAMP, IP 3  or intracellular calcium. By constructing cell lines that express a prostaglandin F2α, receptor, the affinities and efficacies of agonist and antagonist drugs with the receptor can be assessed. A recombinant DNA construct includes a vector and a DNA fragment encoding a prostaglandin F2α receptor. A host cell is transformed with a recombinant DNA construct, so that the DNA fragment is expressed and a prostaglandin F2α, receptor is produced. Suitable host systems include eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, especially mamalian cells such as rat or human. Additionally, for diagnostic purposes, antibodies to a prostaglandin F2α receptor can be prepared by producing all or a portion of the receptor protein and injecting these into various types of mammals. Using the resulting antibodies, expression of an F2α receptor cDNA, i.e. receptor protein in tissue and cells can be measured.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates, in general, to the molecular cloning and expression of a receptor protein, and, in particular, to a prostaglandin F2α receptor and fragments thereof linked to the activation of second messengers as measured, for example, by cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium. The invention further relates to a DNA sequence encoding a prostaglandin F2α receptor, to a recombinant DNA molecule that includes such a DNA sequence and to cells transformed therewith. The invention also relates to antibodies directed against the F2α receptor and to a method of detecting an F2α receptor with the antibody. The invention further relates to a method of detecting the presence of an F2α receptor encoding a DNA fragment in a sample, the use of transformed cells for screening drugs, as well as to drugs prepared using such a screening method.

2. Background Information

Prostaglandin F2α receptors belong to a large class of hormone receptors which are linked to their signal transduction pathways via guanine nucleotide binding regulatory (G) proteins. Such receptors are amongst the most intensively studied receptor systems. Prostaglandin receptors have been classically defined as being linked to the stimulation of second messengers and measured by cyclic AMP (cAMP), inositol 3-phosphate (IP₃) or intracellular calcium and are coupled with a G regulatory protein (Muallem, Biochem. J. 263: 769-774 (1989)). In contrast, activation of prostaglandin receptors may result in various responses, including inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol turnover and inhibition of Ca²⁺ mobilization (Muallem, Biochem. J. 263: 769-774 (1989), and Duncan, Endocrinology 128: 1519-1526 (1991)). Evidence has also accumulated suggesting heterogeneity in the category of receptors (Balapure, Biol. Reprod. 41: 385-392 (1989)).

Two prostaglandin receptors have previously been cloned, viz. the human and mouse thromboxane A2 receptor and the mouse prostaglandin E₃ receptor (Hirata, Nature 349: 617-620 (1991); Namba, BBRC 184: 1197-1203 (1992); and Sugimoto, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 6463-6466 (1992), respectively).

Prostaglandin F2α receptors are extremely important from a clinical therapeutic viewpoint. Drugs which activate (agonists) these receptors may be used to treat glaucoma (Alm, Arch. Ophthalmol. 109:1564-1568 (1991)), whereas drugs which block (antagonists) prostaglandin F2α receptors may be used therapeutically to treat pathological conditions, e.g. in the lungs and uterus. It may be of pharmaceutical value to be able to titer endogenous prostaglandin F2α with a solubilized receptor as well as to use an immobilized receptor in the purification of a ligand and its analogs. Despite their clinical utility, one problem with the prostaglandin F2α agonist and putatively antagonist drugs currently available, is that they have many side effects, like many other drugs which work through interaction with receptors. These side effects are predominantly due to a lack of receptor specificity. That is, the drug in use interacts not only with prostaglandin F2α receptors but with other receptors as well, see e.g. Muallem, Biochem. J. 263; 769-774 (1989).

A major goal of clinical pharmacology and the pharmaceutical industry is the development of more selective drugs with greater efficacy than those currently in use. Impediments to this process are the low abundance of prostaglandin F2α receptor protein available to study in eye tissue and the lack of suitable homogeneous model systems of the receptors with which to screen drugs against.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to provide a solution to this problem by a novel approach which comprises cloning cDNAs encoding prostaglandin F2α receptors, constructing eukaryotic expression vectors containing these cDNAs, and creating a series of stably transfected mammalian cell lines or prokaryotic cells which express functional prostaglandin F2α receptors in high abundance. These cell lines, which would express a homogeneous population of prostaglandin F2α receptors, can be used by the pharmaceutical industry or others to screen drugs and study the prostaglandin F2α receptors using a variety of biochemical, physiological and pharmacological techniques.

To accomplish this goal, we have isolated a cDNA encoding a rat prostaglandin F2α receptor subtype linked to the activation of second messengers as measured by e.g. cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium. This cDNA encoding an F2α receptor is inserted into different eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression vectors and used in the construction of various mammalian cell lines expressing this functional protein. Resulting F2α receptor-expressing cell lines can be used to investigate the affinities and efficacies of agonist and antagonist drugs with an F2α receptor using various techniques, such as radioligand binding and second messenger assays.

One aspect of the present invention therefore relates to an F2α receptor that is linked to the stimulation of second messengers, such as cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, and that couples with guanine nucleotide binding regulatory (G) proteins, when present.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a DNA fragment encoding the above described prostaglandin F2α x receptor.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a recombinant DNA construct or molecule comprising a vector and the above-described DNA fragment.

Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a host cell transformed with the above described recombinant DNA construct.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process of producing the above-described prostaglandin F2α receptor. The method comprises culturing the above-mentioned host cell under conditions such that the F2α receptor encoding DNA fragment is expressed and a prostaglandin F2α receptor is produced.

Still another aspect of the invention relates to an antibody directed against the F2α receptor.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of detecting the presence of an F2α receptor in a sample by contacting the sample with such an antibody.

Still another aspect of the invention relates to a method of detecting the presence in a sample of a DNA fragment encoding an F2α receptor by contacting the sample with a DNA probe comprising a DNA fragment encoding an F2α receptor protein or polypeptide to hybridize the DNA fragment thereto.

Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of screening drugs for F2α receptor activating or blocking activity by contacting the above-mentioned transformed host cell with the drugs.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of preparing a drug, which method includes screening drug candidates for F2α receptor activating or blocking activity.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a drug, the preparation of which included screening drug candidates for F2α receptor activating or blocking activity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B show the sequence of a rat prostaglandin F2α receptor (SEQ ID NO:1 and 2) and comparison with the sequences of other G protein-coupled receptors (SEQ ID NO:3-5).

FIG. 1A shows the nucleotide sequence of an F2α receptor (SEQ ID NO:1) along with the deduced amino acid sequence of the longest open reading frame (SEQ ID NO:2). The nucleotide sequence is numbered from the putative initiator methionine and indicated at the left of each line while the amino acid numbers are indicated at the right of each line. The postulated N-linked glycosylation sites are indicated by an asterisk. The potential site for phosphorylation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is underlined.

FIG. 1B shows a comparison of a prostaglandin F2α receptor amino acid sequence with that of other known prostaglandin receptors. Amino acid sequences of the human thromboxane A₂ receptor (2) (SEQ ID NO:4) and the mouse prostaglandin E₃ receptor (1) ( SEQ. ID No:3) were aligned to optimize the homology with a rat prostaglandin F2α receptor sequence (3) (SEQ ID NO:5). Amino acid identities between the F2α and the two other prostaglandin receptors are indicated with bold type. The putative transmembrane (TM) regions are indicated by the dashed lines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a prostaglandin F2α receptor that is linked to the activation of second messengers, for example, as measured by cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, and that is coupled with the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory (G) protein, when present. The invention further relates to DNA sequences (fragments) encoding all, or parts of an F2α receptor protein. The invention also relates to a recombinant construct containing such DNA sequences, to cells transformed therewith, and to methods of expressing the receptor gene. Also, the invention relates to an antibody to the F2α receptor and the use of the antibody for detecting the presence of an F2α receptor in the sample. The invention further relates to a method for detecting the presence in a sample of a DNA fragment encoding an F2α receptor. The invention also relates to a method for screening drugs by means of the transformed cells. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of preparing drugs, which method includes such a screening procedure, as well as to drugs prepared by the method.

The F2α receptor protein or polypeptide of the present invention is one of a large class of receptors which are linked to their signal transduction via guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins. Specifically, an F2α receptor of the invention is linked to the activation of second messengers as measured by, for example, cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, and couples with the G regulatory protein, when present (e.g. prokaryotic systems lack G regulatory proteins).

The term "F2α receptor" as used herein in the context of the present invention is to be understood in a broad sense. Thus, an F2α receptor can have the complete sequence given in FIG. 1A (SEQ ID NO:2), or can have the amino acid sequence of a molecule having substantially the same second messenger properties as measured by e.g. cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, pharmacological properties, and G regulatory protein coupling properties of the molecule corresponding to FIG. 1A (SEQ. ID NO:2) (for example, allelic variations of the F2α receptor protein). Alternatively, an F2α receptor protein (or polypeptide) of the invention can have an amino acid sequence corresponding to any active portion or parts of a protein depicted in FIG. 1A (SEQ ID NO:2) (or allelic variations thereof). As an example, an F2α receptor protein (or polypeptide) can have an amino acid sequence corresponding to an epitope of the FIG. 1A sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) (or an allelic variation thereof).

The F2α receptor protein or polypeptide can be present in a substantially pure form, that is, in a form substantially free of proteins and nucleic acids with which it is normally associated. An F2α receptor protein can be purified using protocols known in the art. An F2α receptor protein can also be used as an antigen, in protocols known in the art, to produce antibodies thereto, both monoclonal and polyclonal.

As indicated above, the present invention also relates to DNA sequences (including cDNA sequences) that encode the entire amino acid sequence given in FIG. 1A (SEQ ID NO:2) (the specific cDNA sequence given in FIG. 1A being only one example), or any portion thereof. The DNA sequences to which the invention relates also include those encoding proteins (or polypeptides) having substantially the same second messengers properties as measured by, for example, cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, pharmacological properties, and G regulatory protein coupling properties of an F2α receptor (for example, allelic forms of the sequence of FIG. 1A (SEQ ID NO:2)).

Further, the present invention relates to a recombinant DNA construct that includes a vector and a DNA sequence as described above (advantageously, a DNA sequence encoding the receptor shown in FIG. 1A or a receptor having the same second messenger properties as measured by, for example, cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, pharmacological properties, and G protein coupling properties of that protein).

The vector can take the form of a virus or a plasmid vector (for example, lambda ZAP II). The DNA sequence can be present in the vector operably linked to regulatory elements, including, for example, a promoter. The recombinant construct can be suitable for transforming prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, or advantageously, mammalian cells.

The present invention also relates to a host cell transformed with the above described recombinant construct. The host can be prokaryotic (for example, bacterial), lower eukaryotic (i.e., fungal, including yeast) or higher eukaryotic (i.e., all mammalian, including but not limited to rat and human). For instance, stable transformations are accomplished into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-cells). Transformation can be effected using methods known in the art. The transformed host cells can be used as a source for the DNA sequence described above (which sequence constitutes part of the recombinant construct). When the recombinant receptor takes the form of an expression system, the transformed cells can be used as a source for the above-described receptor.

The presence of an F2α receptor protein can be detected in a sample (for instance, tissue from a human or other mammal, or a cell culture) by contacting the sample with an antibody to the receptor. The detection of the presence or absence of a complex formed between the receptor and the antibody may be accomplished by methods well known in the art. The presence of a DNA segment encoding an F2α receptor protein can be detected in a sample (for instance, tissue from a human or other mammal, or a cell culture) by contacting the sample with a DNA probe that is comprised of the DNA segment or fragments thereof. Using methods well known in the art and under conditions such that hybridization will occur, a complex can be formed between the probe and the DNA segment from the sample. Detection of the presence or absence of the complex may be accomplished by methods well known in the art.

A prostaglandin F2α receptor protein and nucleic acid sequences of the present invention can be used both in a research setting (for example, to facilitate an understanding of receptor protein mechanisms) and in a clinical setting (for example, to use as a model system of the receptor with which to screen agonist and antagonist drugs against). For instance, therapeutic drugs designed to interact with prostaglandin F2α receptors often have side effects, due to lack of receptor specificity. A cell line expressing an F2α receptor can be used to investigate the affinities and efficacies of agonist and antagonist drugs with an F2α receptor using various techniques, such as radioligand binding and second messenger assays. The activity of the drug-treated cell can be compared to a control cell to evaluate the activation or blocking of an F2α receptor.

For diagnostic purposes, expression of an F2α receptor cDNA in cells can be measured using known methods. To accomplish this, antibodies to an F2α receptor (prepared by producing all or portions of an F2α receptor protein and injecting these into various types of animals, e.g., rabbits, sheep, goats or mice) can be used.

The invention is described in further detail below and in the following non-limiting Example with regard to the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for an F2α receptor.

Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for a prostaglandin F2α receptor

(i) Cloning and sequencing analyses of prostaglandin F2α receptor CDNA

In order to clone a prostaglandin F2α receptor, hereinafter for brevity often called FP-receptor, linked to second messenger activation as measured by e.g. cAMP, IP₃ or intracellular calcium, the PCR method was used to selectively amplify cDNA sequences from mRNA purified from rat corpora lutea. Ovine and bovine corpora lutea have previously been shown to express this receptor subtype (Balapure, Biol. of Reproduction 41: 385-392 (1989) and Orlicky, Prostaglandins Leukotrines and Essential Fatty Acids 41: 51-61 (1990)). A commercial cDNA library was used to obtain cDNA from rat corpora lutea. PCR amplification was performed with a pair of highly degenerate primers (SEQ ID NOS:6 and 7) derived from the second and seventh and third and sixth transmembrane regions of previously cloned seven transmembrane receptor superfamily members. This process resulted in the amplification of several cDNA fragments.

These fragments were preliminarily characterized by DNA sequence analysis. One of these fragments was found to exhibit considerable sequence homology to related previously cloned G protein-coupled receptors and was subsequently used to screen the rat corpora lutea cDNA library in order to isolate a full-length clone. Twenty-four cDNA clones with insert sizes ranging from about 1.7 to 3.3 kb were isolated, all of which strongly hybridized with the ³² P-labelled PCR probe on Southern analysis. One of these clones with an insert of about 3 kb was sequenced and found to exhibit more than 55% amino acid sequence homology to related receptors in the coding regions of the sequence. The homology is about the same in all combinations, in spite of the different receptors and also the in one case different species, human vs. rat. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for clone FP are shown in FIG. 1A (SEQ ID NOS:1 and 2). The longest open reading frame in this CDNA codes for a 366 residue protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 40.65 kDa.

Although there are neighbouring sequences with ATG in this reading frame similar to Kozak's consensus initiation sequence (Kozak, Nucleic Acids Res., 12:857-872 (1984)), the Met codon at position 1 actually provides the most probable site. (FIG. 1A (SEQ ID NO:1)).

Hydrophobicity analysis of the translated protein reveals seven clusters of about 20-25 hydrophobic residues, predicted to represent transmembrane-spanning domains, connected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. This pattern is similar to that observed for other cloned G protein-coupled receptors where the NH₂ terminus is proposed to be extra-cellular and the COOH terminus projects into the cytoplasm (Dohlman, Biochemistry, 26:2657-2664 (1987)). The NH₂ terminus contains two consensus site for N-linked glycosylation while the predicted third cytoplasmic loop exhibits one. Consensus recognition sites for phosphorylation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase are found in the cytoplasmic loops and the carboxy tail. In addition, the long COOH terminus contains several serine residues possibly representing additional sites for 30 regulatory phosphorylation. These phosphorylations are proposed for the regulation of transmembrane signaling and desensitization of the receptor (Sibley, Cell. 48:913-922 (1987)).

(ii) Characterization of the amino acid sequences for a prostaglandin F2α receptor clone

A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence for the cDNA clones with the sequences of various prostaglandin receptors is shown in FIG. 1B (SEQ ID NOS:3-5). As can be seen, the regions of highest identity appear to occur within the predicted transmembrane spanning domains. Within these regions, the FP receptor protein exhibits the highest sequence homologies with the rat prostaglandin E3 and thromboxane A2 receptor, mouse and human. The NH₂ and COOH termini and the extracellular and intracellular loops are significantly more divergent among these receptors. It is interesting to note that within the third putative transmembrane domain of FP, there is no conserved aspartate residue which is common to all biogenic amine receptors that have been sequenced thus far (Strader, FASEB J., 3: 1825-1832 (1989)). Moreover, the fifth transmembrane spanning domain of FP also contains two serine residues which are conserved among catecholamine receptors and are critical for the recognition of agonist ligands possessing a catechol group (Strader, FASEB J., 3: 1825-1832 (1989)).

Furthermore, with primers (SEQ ID NOS:8 and 9) derived from the sequence encoding the F2α receptor and using PCR in cDNA libraries from human tissue expected to express the F2α receptor, fragments of the correct size were found, showing between them identical restriction fragments. The tissues were e.g the eye, ovary, uterus and kidney.

These observations suggest that the F2α receptor cDNA clone of the present invention encodes a receptor for an endogenous prostaglandin ligand.

EXAMPLE

Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for a new G protein coupled receptor

In order to clone an FP-receptor, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to amplify cDNA sequences from Rat corpora lutea cDNA library in the lambda ZAP^(C) II vector, (Stratagene, Catalogue No. 936504). 1×10⁶ pfu of the library were amplified and lambda DNA was prepared as described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1990) 1.13.1-1.13.3. 50 ng of the lambda DNA were submitted to 45 cycles of PCR amplification in a total reaction volume of 25 μl with 1 μM each of the two primers:

TM206: 5' ATI I(CT)(CG) (TA)I(TC) (TC)TG GCI ITI ICC GAT 3' (SEQ ID NO:6) and

TM710: 5' C(GT)(AG) AAI AGI AT(AG) TAI ACC CAI GGG TC 3' (SEQ ID NO:7); and 200 μM dNTPs and 2 u of Taq DNA polymerase (Perkin Elmer-Cetus, U.S.A.). The timing used was 45 seconds (in the first cycle 3 minutes) at 95 degrees Celsius, 3 minutes at 50 degrees Celsius and 3 minutes at 72 degrees Celsius. The 72 degrees Celsius step was extended with 6 seconds for each cycle. The reaction products were purified by electrophoresis in 1% LMP agarose (BioRad Laboratories, Richmond, Calif., U.S.A., Catalogue No. 162-0020). Individual bands were excised from the gel and were submitted to 20 cycles of PCR-amplification in a total reaction volume of 20 μl with 100 μM of each of the same two primers as above, i.e.:

TM206: 5' ATI I(CT)(CG) (TA)I(TC) (TC)TG GCI ITI ICC GAT 3' (SEQ ID NO:6) and

TM710: 5' C(GT)(AG) AAI AGI AT(AG) TAI ACC CAI GGG TC 3' (SEQ ID NO:7); and 200 μM of dNTPs and 2,5 u of Taq DNA polymerase. The timing used was identical to the timing described above.

The reaction products were ligated into the vector PCR1000 according to the instructions of the TA Cloning Kit (Invitrogen Corporation, U.S.A., Catalogue no. K2000-1). The obtained plasmid was called pKGE858. Mini preparation of plasmid DNA was done with a Qiagene-tip 100 kit (Diagene-GmbH, Germany). Insert sequencing was performed according to methods well known in the art. Thus, the cDNA inserts were sequenced with primers homologous to regions on the M13 multiple cloning site. To reveal the whole cDNA sequences, a gene walking strategy was used. All sequence analyses were performed on an Applied Biosystem Model 373A DNA sequencing system (Applied Biosystems Inc., U.S.A.) according to Applied Biosystems' protocol for their Taq Dye Dioxy Terminator cycle sequencing kit. The generated primary data were processed on a VAX computer using the sequence analysis programs from Genetics Computer Group Inc., Madison, U.S.A. (Devereux, Nucleic Acids Research 12 (1): 387-395 (1984)). One of the inserts was found to exhibit a sequence homology to related receptors (the human thromboxane A2 receptor and later on also to other cloned prostaglandin receptors; Hirata, Nature 349: 617-620 (1991), Sugimoto, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 6463-6466 (1992), and Namba BBRC 184: 1197-1203 (1992)). This insert was subsequently used as a probe to screen the rat Corpora lutea cDNA library to isolate a full-length clone. 1×10⁶ recombinants from the rat Corpora lutea cDNA library, constructed in the Lambda ZAP II vector, were screened with the insert described above. The probe consisting of the NotI/HindIII 600 bp fragment of the plasmid pKGE858 obtained above was labelled with Amershams Megaprime DNA labelling system (Amersham, England, RPN1607). Duplicate nitrocellulose filters (Hybond-N, (Amersham, England) were hybridized in 10% (w/v) dextran sulfate, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1M sodium chloride and 100 μg/ml sonicated salmon sperm DNA (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) with the probe described above for 16 h at 65 degrees Celsius. High stringency washing of the filters was performed with 2× SSC and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 65 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. Positively hybridizing phage clones were further purified by rescreening using the same probe as in the initial screening. 25 positively hybridizing purified phage clones were expanded in E. coli XL1-Blue (Stratagene, U.S.A.), and the resulting phage stocks used to prepare cDNA-containing pBluescript plasmids by phagemid excision using helper phage R408 according to the Stratagene protocol. Plasmid DNA was prepared with Qiagene-tip 100 (Diagene GmbH, Germany) and further analyzed by restriction analysis. The four plasmids with the longest inserts were analyzed by DNA sequencing methods well known in the art. The DNA sequence of one of these inserts is shown in FIG. 1A.

To detect the F2α receptor in tissues expected to express the same, primers derived from the sequence encoding the F2α receptor in transmembrane (TM) regions VI and VII were used. The primer sequence in TM VI was:

5'-CCAGCTTCTGGGTATAATGTGTGT-3' (SEQ ID NO:8)

and the primer sequence in TM VII was:

5'-AGCAGSATATARGCCCAGGGGTCCAAGATCTGGTTCCRGGWTGCCATKCG -3' (SEQ ID NO:9).

The amplified product had a size of 173 bp. The PCR reactions were performed as above. By cutting the fragment with the restriction enzyme HaeIII, which is unique in the human fragment, two bands were obtained with the sizes 100 and 73 bp, respectively. Fragments from the cDNA libraries all showed these characteristics.

The entire contents of all references cited herein above are incorporated by reference.

While the foregoing invention has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be clear to one skilled in the art from a reading of this disclosure that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention.

    __________________________________________________________________________     SEQUENCE LISTING                                                               (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                                       (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 9                                                   (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 1119 base pairs                                                    (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: double                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                       (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: CDS                                                              (B) LOCATION: 1..1107                                                          (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: mat.sub.-- peptide                                               (B) LOCATION: 10..1107                                                         (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:                                        TCCACAACGATGTCCATAAACAGTTCCAAGCAGCCGGCGTCCTCTGCA48                             SerThrThrMetSerIleAsnSerSerLysGlnProAlaSerSerAla                               31510                                                                          GCTGGACTCATCGCCAACACGACTTGCCAGACGGAGAACCGGCTTTCA96                             AlaGlyLeuIleAlaAsnThrThrCysGlnThrGluAsnArgLeuSer                               152025                                                                         GTGTTCTTTTCAATAATCTTCATGACGGTGGGGATTGTATCTAACAGC144                            ValPhePheSerIleIlePheMetThrValGlyIleValSerAsnSer                               30354045                                                                       CTGGCCATTGCCATCCTCATGAAGGCATATCAGAGATTTAGACGGAAG192                            LeuAlaIleAlaIleLeuMetLysAlaTyrGlnArgPheArgArgLys                               505560                                                                         TCGAAGGCTTCTTTCCTGCTCTTGGCTAGTGGCCTGGTGATCACAGAC240                            SerLysAlaSerPheLeuLeuLeuAlaSerGlyLeuValIleThrAsp                               657075                                                                         TTCTTCGGCCACCTCATCAACGGAGGGATAGCTGTCTTCGTATACGCT288                            PhePheGlyHisLeuIleAsnGlyGlyIleAlaValPheValTyrAla                               808590                                                                         TCTGATAAAGACTGGATCCGCTTCGATCAATCGAACATCCTGTGCAGT336                            SerAspLysAspTrpIleArgPheAspGlnSerAsnIleLeuCysSer                               95100105                                                                       GTTTTTGGGATCTCCATGGTGTTCTCTGGCTTGTGCCCACTTTTCCTG384                            ValPheGlyIleSerMetValPheSerGlyLeuCysProLeuPheLeu                               110115120125                                                                   GGCAGTACGATGGCCATTGAGAGGTGCATCGGGGTCACCAACCCTCTA432                            GlySerThrMetAlaIleGluArgCysIleGlyValThrAsnProLeu                               130135140                                                                      TTCCACTCTACAAAGATCACGTCTAAGCATGTGAAAATGATACTGAGC480                            PheHisSerThrLysIleThrSerLysHisValLysMetIleLeuSer                               145150155                                                                      GGTGTGTGCATGTTTGCTGTCTTCGTGGCCCTGTTGCCCATCCTTGGA528                            GlyValCysMetPheAlaValPheValAlaLeuLeuProIleLeuGly                               160165170                                                                      CACCGAGATTATCAAATCCAAGCATCCAGAACTTGGTGCTTCTACAAC576                            HisArgAspTyrGlnIleGlnAlaSerArgThrTrpCysPheTyrAsn                               175180185                                                                      ACAGAGCACATCGAAGACTGGGAAGACAGGTTCTATCTCTTGTTCTTT624                            ThrGluHisIleGluAspTrpGluAspArgPheTyrLeuLeuPhePhe                               190195200205                                                                   TCTTCCCTGGGACTCTTAGCTCTTGGCATCTCATTCTCGTGCAACGCC672                            SerSerLeuGlyLeuLeuAlaLeuGlyIleSerPheSerCysAsnAla                               210215220                                                                      GTCACGGGAGTCACACTTTTGAGAGTGAAGTTTAGAAGTCAGCAGCAC720                            ValThrGlyValThrLeuLeuArgValLysPheArgSerGlnGlnHis                               225230235                                                                      AGGCAAGGCAGGTCTCACCACCTGGAGATGGTCATTCAGCTCCTGGCC768                            ArgGlnGlyArgSerHisHisLeuGluMetValIleGlnLeuLeuAla                               240245250                                                                      ATAATGTGTGTCTCCTGCGTCTGCTGGAGTCCCTTTCTGGTGACGATG816                            IleMetCysValSerCysValCysTrpSerProPheLeuValThrMet                               255260265                                                                      GCCAACATTGCAATCAATGGAAATAATTCCCCAGTGACCTGTGAGACG864                            AlaAsnIleAlaIleAsnGlyAsnAsnSerProValThrCysGluThr                               270275280285                                                                   ACGCTCTTTGCTCTCCGAATGGCAACCTGGAACCAGATATTAGACCCC912                            ThrLeuPheAlaLeuArgMetAlaThrTrpAsnGlnIleLeuAspPro                               290295300                                                                      TGGGTCTACATTCTGCTACGGAAGGCTGTCCTTAGGAACCTGTACAAG960                            TrpValTyrIleLeuLeuArgLysAlaValLeuArgAsnLeuTyrLys                               305310315                                                                      CTTGCCAGTCGCTGCTGTGGAGTGAACATCATCAGCTTGCACATCTGG1008                           LeuAlaSerArgCysCysGlyValAsnIleIleSerLeuHisIleTrp                               320325330                                                                      GAACTCAGCTCCATCAAGAATTCCTTAAAGGTTGCTGCTATCTCTGAG1056                           GluLeuSerSerIleLysAsnSerLeuLysValAlaAlaIleSerGlu                               335340345                                                                      TCACCGGCTGCAGAGAAGGAGAATCAGCAAGCATCTAGTGAGGCTGGA1104                           SerProAlaAlaGluLysGluAsnGlnGlnAlaSerSerGluAlaGly                               350355360365                                                                   CTGTAAGTCAATGCA1119                                                            Leu                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 369 amino acids                                                    (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:                                        SerThrThrMetSerIleAsnSerSerLysGlnProAlaSerSerAla                               31510                                                                          AlaGlyLeuIleAlaAsnThrThrCysGlnThrGluAsnArgLeuSer                               152025                                                                         ValPhePheSerIleIlePheMetThrValGlyIleValSerAsnSer                               30354045                                                                       LeuAlaIleAlaIleLeuMetLysAlaTyrGlnArgPheArgArgLys                               505560                                                                         SerLysAlaSerPheLeuLeuLeuAlaSerGlyLeuValIleThrAsp                               657075                                                                         PhePheGlyHisLeuIleAsnGlyGlyIleAlaValPheValTyrAla                               808590                                                                         SerAspLysAspTrpIleArgPheAspGlnSerAsnIleLeuCysSer                               95100105                                                                       ValPheGlyIleSerMetValPheSerGlyLeuCysProLeuPheLeu                               110115120125                                                                   GlySerThrMetAlaIleGluArgCysIleGlyValThrAsnProLeu                               130135140                                                                      PheHisSerThrLysIleThrSerLysHisValLysMetIleLeuSer                               145150155                                                                      GlyValCysMetPheAlaValPheValAlaLeuLeuProIleLeuGly                               160165170                                                                      HisArgAspTyrGlnIleGlnAlaSerArgThrTrpCysPheTyrAsn                               175180185                                                                      ThrGluHisIleGluAspTrpGluAspArgPheTyrLeuLeuPhePhe                               190195200205                                                                   SerSerLeuGlyLeuLeuAlaLeuGlyIleSerPheSerCysAsnAla                               210215220                                                                      ValThrGlyValThrLeuLeuArgValLysPheArgSerGlnGlnHis                               225230235                                                                      ArgGlnGlyArgSerHisHisLeuGluMetValIleGlnLeuLeuAla                               240245250                                                                      IleMetCysValSerCysValCysTrpSerProPheLeuValThrMet                               255260265                                                                      AlaAsnIleAlaIleAsnGlyAsnAsnSerProValThrCysGluThr                               270275280285                                                                   ThrLeuPheAlaLeuArgMetAlaThrTrpAsnGlnIleLeuAspPro                               290295300                                                                      TrpValTyrIleLeuLeuArgLysAlaValLeuArgAsnLeuTyrLys                               305310315                                                                      LeuAlaSerArgCysCysGlyValAsnIleIleSerLeuHisIleTrp                               320325330                                                                      GluLeuSerSerIleLysAsnSerLeuLysValAlaAlaIleSerGlu                               335340345                                                                      SerProAlaAlaGluLysGluAsnGlnGlnAlaSerSerGluAlaGly                               350355360365                                                                   Leu                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 385 amino acids                                                    (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: Not Relevant                                                 (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:                                        MetAlaSerMetTrpAlaProGluHisSerAlaGluXaaAlaHisSer                               151015                                                                         AsnLeuSerSerThrThrAspAspCysGlySerValXaaSerValAla                               202530                                                                         PheProIleThrMetMetValThrGlyPheValGlyAsnAlaLeuAla                               354045                                                                         MetLeuLeuValSerArgSerTyrArgArgArgGluSerLysArgLys                               505560                                                                         LysSerPheLeuLeuCysIleGlyTrpLeuAlaLeuThrAspLeuVal                               65707580                                                                       GlyGlnLeuLeuThrSerProValValIleLeuValTyrLeuSerGln                               859095                                                                         ArgArgTrpGluGlnLeuAspProSerGlyArgLeuCysThrPhePhe                               100105110                                                                      GlyLeuThrMetThrValPheGlyLeuSerSerLeuLeuValAlaSer                               115120125                                                                      AlaMetAlaValGluArgAlaLeuAlaIleArgAlaProHisTrpXaa                               130135140                                                                      XaaXaaTyrAlaSerHisMetLysThrArgAlaThrProValLeuLeu                               145150155160                                                                   GlyValTrpLeuSerValLeuAlaPheAlaLeuLeuProValLeuGly                               165170175                                                                      ValGlyArgTyrSerValGlnTrpProGlyThrTrpCysPheIleSer                               180185190                                                                      ThrGlyProAlaGlyAsnGluThrAspProAlaArgGluProGlySer                               195200205                                                                      ValAlaPheAlaSerAlaPheAlaCysLeuGlyLeuLeuAlaLeuVal                               210215220                                                                      ValThrPheAlaCysAsnLeuAlaThrIleLysAlaLeuValSerArg                               225230235240                                                                   XaaCysArgAlaLysAlaAlaValSerGlnSerSerAlaGlnTrpGly                               245250255                                                                      ArgIleThrThrGluThrAlaIleGlnLeuMetGlyIleMetCysVal                               260265270                                                                      LeuSerValCysTrpSerProLeuLeuIleMetMetLeuLysMetIle                               275280285                                                                      PheAsnGlnMetSerValGluGlnCysLysThrGlnMetGlyLysGlu                               290295300                                                                      LysGluCysAsnSerPheLeuIleAlaValArgLeuAlaSerLeuAsn                               305310315320                                                                   GlnIleLeuAspProTrpValTyrLeuLeuLeuArgLysIleLeuLeu                               325330335                                                                      ArgLysPheCysXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaa                               340345350                                                                      XaaXaaGlnIleArgAspHisThrAsnTyrAlaSerSerSerThrSer                               355360365                                                                      LeuProCysProGlySerSerAlaLeuMetTrpSerAspGlnLeuGlu                               370375380                                                                      Arg                                                                            385                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 378 amino acids                                                    (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: Not Relevant                                                 (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:                                        XaaMetTrpProAsnGlySerXaaXaaSerLeuGlyProCysPheArg                               151015                                                                         ProThrAsnIleThrLeuGluGluArgArgLeuIleAlaSerProTrp                               202530                                                                         PheAlaAlaSerPheCysValValGlyLeuAlaSerAsnLeuLeuAla                               354045                                                                         LeuSerValLeuAlaXaaGlyAlaArgGlnGlyGlySerHisThrArg                               505560                                                                         SerSerPheLeuThrPheLeuCysGlyLeuValLeuThrAspPheLeu                               65707580                                                                       GlyLeuLeuValThrGlyThrIleValValSerGlnHisAlaAlaLeu                               859095                                                                         PheGluTrpHisAlaValAspProGlyCysArgLeuCysArgPheMet                               100105110                                                                      GlyValValMetIlePhePheGlyLeuSerProLeuLeuLeuGlyAla                               115120125                                                                      AlaMetAlaSerGluArgTyrLeuGlyIleThrArgProPheSerArg                               130135140                                                                      ProAlaValAlaSerGlnArgArgAlaTrpAlaThrValGlyLeuXaa                               145150155160                                                                   XaaValTrpAlaAlaAlaLeuAlaLeuGlyLeuLeuProLeuLeuGly                               165170175                                                                      ValGlyArgTyrThrValGlnTyrProGlySerTrpCysPheLeuThr                               180185190                                                                      LeuGlyAlaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaGluSerGlyAsp                               195200205                                                                      ValAlaPheGlyLeuLeuPheSerMetLeuGlyGlyLeuSerValGly                               210215220                                                                      LeuSerPheLeuLeuAsnThrValSerValAlaThrLeuCysHisVal                               225230235240                                                                   XaaTyrHisGlyGlnGluAlaAlaGlnGlnArgProArgAspSerGlu                               245250255                                                                      XaaXaaXaaValGluMetMetAlaGlnLeuLeuGlyIleMetValVal                               260265270                                                                      AlaSerValCysTrpLeuProLeuLeuValPheIleAlaGlnThrVal                               275280285                                                                      LeuArgAsnProProAlaMetSerProAlaGlyGlnLeuSerArgThr                               290295300                                                                      ThrGluXaaLysGluLeuLeuIleTyrLeuArgValAlaThrTrpAsn                               305310315320                                                                   GlnIleLeuAspProTrpValTyrIleLeuPheArgArgAlaValLeu                               325330335                                                                      ArgArgLeuXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaa                               340345350                                                                      XaaXaaGlnProArgLeuSerThrArgProArgSerLeuSerLeuGln                               355360365                                                                      ProGlnLeuThrGlnArgSerGlyLeuGln                                                 370375                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 390 amino acids                                                    (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: Not Relevant                                                 (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:                                        XaaMetSerIleAsnSerSerLysGlnProAlaSerSerAlaAlaGly                               151015                                                                         LeuIleAlaAsnThrThrCysGlnThrGluAsnArgLeuSerValPhe                               202530                                                                         PheSerIleIlePheMetThrValGlyIleValSerAsnSerLeuAla                               354045                                                                         IleAlaIleLeuMetLysAlaTyrGlnArgPheArgArgLysSerLys                               505560                                                                         AlaSerPheLeuLeuLeuAlaSerGlyLeuValIleThrAspPhePhe                               65707580                                                                       GlyHisLeuIleAsnGlyGlyIleAlaValPheValTyrAlaSerAsp                               859095                                                                         LysAspTrpIleArgPheAspGlnSerAsnIleLeuCysSerValPhe                               100105110                                                                      GlyIleSerMetValPheSerGlyLeuCysProLeuPheLeuGlySer                               115120125                                                                      ThrMetAlaIleGluArgCysIleGlyValThrAsnProLeuPheHis                               130135140                                                                      SerThrLysIleThrSerLysHisValLysXaaXaaMetIleLeuSer                               145150155160                                                                   GlyValCysMetPheAlaValPheValAlaLeuLeuProIleLeuGly                               165170175                                                                      HisArgAspTyrGlnIleGlnAlaSerArgThrTrpCysPheTyrAsn                               180185190                                                                      ThrGluHisIleGluXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaAspTrpGluAsp                               195200205                                                                      ArgPheTyrLeuLeuPhePheSerSerLeuGlyLeuLeuAlaLeuGly                               210215220                                                                      IleSerPheSerCysAsnAlaValThrGlyValThrLeuLeuArgVal                               225230235240                                                                   LysPheArgSerGlnGlnHisArgGlnGlyArgSerHisHisXaaXaa                               245250255                                                                      XaaXaaXaaLeuGluMetValIleGlnLeuLeuAlaIleMetCysVal                               260265270                                                                      SerCysValCysTrpSerProPheLeuValThrMetAlaAsnIleAla                               275280285                                                                      IleAsnGlyAsnXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaXaaAsnSerProVal                               290295300                                                                      ThrXaaCysGluThrThrLeuPheAlaLeuArgMetAlaThrTrpAsn                               305310315320                                                                   GlnIleLeuAspProTrpValTyrIleLeuLeuArgLysAlaValLeu                               325330335                                                                      ArgAsnLeuTyrLysLeuAlaSerArgCysCysGlyValAsnIleIle                               340345350                                                                      SerLeuHisIleTrpGluLeuSerSerIleLysAsnSerLeuLysVal                               355360365                                                                      AlaAlaIleSerGluSerProAlaAlaGluLysGluAsnGlnGlnAla                               370375380                                                                      SerSerGluAlaGlyLeu                                                             385390                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 24 base pairs                                                      (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                       (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 3                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 4                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 8                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 15                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 16                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 18                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 19                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:                                        ATNNYSWNYYTGGCNNTNNCCGAT24                                                     (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 26 base pairs                                                      (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                       (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 6                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 9                                                                (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 15                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: modified.sub.-- base                                             (B) LOCATION: 21                                                               (D) OTHER INFORMATION: /mod.sub.-- base=i                                      (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:                                        CKRAANAGNATRTANACCCANGGGTC26                                                   (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 24 base pairs                                                      (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                       (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:                                        CCAGCTTCTGGGTATAATGTGTGT24                                                     (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 50 base pairs                                                      (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                       (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:                                        AGCAGSATATARGCCCAGGGGTCCAAGATCTGGTTCCRGGWTGCCATKCG50                           __________________________________________________________________________ 

We claim:
 1. A purified prostaglandin F2α receptor comprising amino acids 1 to 366 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 2. A purified nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a prostaglandin F2α receptor, wherein said sequence comprises nucleotides encoding the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 366 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 3. The purified nucleic acid according to claim 2, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said amino acid sequence is nucleotides 10 to 1107 of SEQ ID NO:
 1. 4. A host cell transformed or transfected with a DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 366 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 5. The host cell according to claim 4, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said amino acid sequence is nucleotides 10 to 1107 of SEQ ID NO:1.
 6. The host cell according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said host cell is a eukaryotic host cell.
 7. The host cell according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said host cell is a prokaryotic host cell.
 8. A method of producing a prostaglandin F2α receptor, said method comprising culturing the host cell according to claim 4 or 5 under conditions such that said nucleotide sequence is expressed and said receptor is produced.
 9. A vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of amino acids 1 to 366 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 10. The vector according to claim 9, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said amino acid sequence is nucleotides 10 to 1107 of SEQ ID NO:1.
 11. The vector according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said vector is a eukaryotic expression vector.
 12. The vector according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said vector is a prokaryotic expression vector.
 13. A host cell transformed or transfected with the vector according to claim 9 or
 10. 14. The host cell according to claim 13, wherein said host cell is a eukaryotic host cell.
 15. The host cell according to claim 13, wherein said host cell is a prokaryotic host cell. 